Spain

Narrative updated for the September 2026 edition.

Spain gains two places to 22nd at 3.77 with a near-unchanged score (June: 3.75, 24th): Portugal and Ireland fell below it. Developer density is modest (2.63, 17th), grassroots adoption low (2.77, 22nd, with a 10.77% sovereign browser share) and private-sector hosting weak (4.13, 22nd): 60% of the 442 measured .es domains are hosted outside the EU and 74% route email through non-EU providers. Public-sector hosting is middling (5.56): www.lamoncloa.gob.es is fully domestic, the royal household's email runs through Proofpoint, and www.madrid.es has no EU component (Akamai for web and DNS, Microsoft for email).

Strengths

• Government website fully sovereign, hosted by the Ministry for Digital Transformation with DNS at Red.es.
• Domestic hosting is public-led: Telefónica, Red.es and the ministry lead the EU-hosted part of the sample.

Weaknesses

• Madrid's website rates 0.0.
• Email. 74% of the measured .es domains use non-EU email providers.
• Grassroots adoption (2.77, 22nd).

Outlook

The state hosts its own sites; the private sample is the drag. Madrid's website is the visible public lever.

Historical context

2020 baseline

In 2020, Spain was a "contender," a powerful example of a country whose world-class open source framework elevated its overall standing despite an underdeveloped top-down strategic sovereignty agenda.

2024 progression

Spain's use of OSS continues to advance, especially at regional and municipal levels. The Law 40/2015 provides the legal framework, mandating reuse and interoperable repositories. The government has launched major initiatives like ALIA, a public AI infrastructure with open source models.

Historischer Verweis

OSOR-Datenblatt (PDF, 2024) — der länderbezogene Open-Source-Politikbericht, der in der zurückgezogenen Säule „Öffentliche Politik“ von EDRIX 1.0 verwendet wurde.