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Spain

EDRIX Score

3.77

Tier

Untapped Potential

EDRIX Pillar Scores (normalized 0–10)

Developer Ecosystem 2.64 / 10
Grassroots Adoption 2.77 / 10
Private sector resilience 4.13 / 10
Public sector resilience 5.56 / 10

Raw metrics

The underlying values before min-max normalization across the EU27.

GitHub developers (per-capita index) 2.63
Linux share on desktops and laptops 4.18%
Sovereign browser share (Firefox + Opera) 10.77%
Domain sovereignty rating — all (national TLD) 0.395
Domain sovereignty rating — public sector 0.556

See the surveyed domains and their hosting details →

Narrative updated for the September 2026 edition.

Spain gains two places to 22nd at 3.77 with a near-unchanged score (June: 3.75, 24th): Portugal and Ireland fell below it. Developer density is modest (2.63, 17th), grassroots adoption low (2.77, 22nd, with a 10.77% sovereign browser share) and private-sector hosting weak (4.13, 22nd): 60% of the 442 measured .es domains are hosted outside the EU and 74% route email through non-EU providers. Public-sector hosting is middling (5.56): www.lamoncloa.gob.es is fully domestic, the royal household's email runs through Proofpoint, and www.madrid.es has no EU component (Akamai for web and DNS, Microsoft for email).

Strengths

  • Government website fully sovereign, hosted by the Ministry for Digital Transformation with DNS at Red.es.
  • Domestic hosting is public-led: Telefónica, Red.es and the ministry lead the EU-hosted part of the sample.

Weaknesses

  • Madrid's website rates 0.0.
  • Email. 74% of the measured .es domains use non-EU email providers.
  • Grassroots adoption (2.77, 22nd).

Outlook

The state hosts its own sites; the private sample is the drag. Madrid's website is the visible public lever.

Historical context

2020 baseline

In 2020, Spain was a "contender," a powerful example of a country whose world-class open source framework elevated its overall standing despite an underdeveloped top-down strategic sovereignty agenda.

2024 progression

Spain's use of OSS continues to advance, especially at regional and municipal levels. The Law 40/2015 provides the legal framework, mandating reuse and interoperable repositories. The government has launched major initiatives like ALIA, a public AI infrastructure with open source models.

Historical reference

OSOR Fact Sheet (PDF, 2024) — the country-level Open Source policy report used by the retired Public Policy pillar in EDRIX 1.0.